• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Bacterial support structure for a biological wastewater treatment equipment. The present invention relates to a bacterial support structure for a biological wastewater treatment digester that comprises at least one support part internally crossed by a plurality of internal conduits from its lower face to its upper face and where said support part comprises a a plurality of grooves along its lateral surface suitable for inserting in them a fixing structure comprising at least one of its ends a suitable means to facilitate its removal from the digester. The object of the invention is also the use of said bacterial support structure for the start-up of at least one biological digester for the purification of residual waters. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2760010A1
    申请号:ES201831088
    申请日:2018-11-12
    公开日:2020-05-12
    发明作者:Rodriguez Jose Luis Viesca；Toimil Noel Canto；Garrido Alberto Higuera；Areces Juan Enrique Alvarez；Garcia Albino Gonzalez；Martinez Pablo Fernandez；Battez Antolin Hernandez；Rodriguez Ruben Gonzalez
    申请人:Hulleras Del Norte S A S M E；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] BACTERIAL SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR A TREATMENT EQUIPMENT
    [0003]
    [0004] TECHNICAL SECTOR
    [0005] The present invention falls within the chemical industry and more particularly relates to a new bacterial support structure specially designed for equipment for the biological purification of wastewater.
    [0006]
    [0007] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0008] The present invention relates to a bacterial support structure for anaerobic digestion of wastewater. The advantage of this process is that it allows the production of renewable energy (between 50 and 70% of the biogas generated is methane that can be used as an energy source) and reduces the production of greenhouse gases.
    [0009]
    [0010] The reactions that this type of wastewater treatment entails can be divided into two lines of action: a carbon line and a nitrogen line.
    [0011]
    [0012] In the carbon line, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids are mainly degraded and it is characterized by the following reactions: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis.
    [0013]
    [0014] On the other hand, in the nitrogen line, urea, ammonium ion (NH 4+ ), NO 2- and NO 3- are successively degraded. This line is essential to control the C / N ratio and keep it at optimal values that ensure that the reactions of the carbon line are fully developed.
    [0015]
    [0016] Biological wastewater treatment processes may consist of suspension culture processes in which microorganisms that degrade organic matter are kept in suspension within the liquid or fixed culture processes in which the microorganisms are fixed to an inert medium.
    [0017]
    [0018] In particular, in the state of the art it is possible to find the following systems to carry out anaerobic digestion:
    [0019] 1) Complete Mixing Reactor without Recirculation: It usually consists of a tank in which the mixture is standardized by non-vigorous agitation of the same, maintaining a more or less uniform substrate / microorganism ratio. Although it is one of the simplest systems, it is also one of the most time-consuming;
    [0020] 2) Complete Mixing Reactor with Recirculation: This is a similar system to the previous one, but with partial recirculation of the effluent. During recirculation, the effluent is degassed to favor the subsequent settling of solids (biological flocs) that are recirculated to the digester. With this system the stock of microorganisms is conserved and the residence times are lower than those of the reactor without recirculation;
    [0021] 3) Piston Flow Reactor: In this case, the mixture has a higher concentration of microorganisms at the inlet of the tributary. To improve the distribution of microorganisms in the integrity of the volume, biogas can be injected under pressure in the part with the highest concentration, obtaining a better homogenization of the mixture;
    [0022] 4) Reactor with Retention of Biomass without Recirculation: The presence and maintenance of biomass inside the reactor shortens residence times, which results in greater efficiency of the system. The retention of this biomass is generally carried out by immobilization on supports (anaerobic filters and fluidized beds) or by flocculation of the biomass and conservation by gravity (mud bed):
    [0023] to. In anaerobic filter systems, anaerobic bacteria form biofilms that adhere to generally inert supports or formed by materials that promote their attachment and / or growth; b. In fluidized bed systems small inert particles are used that support bacteria and remain fluidized by the upward flow of fluid;
    [0024] c. In sludge bed systems the flocculation of bacteria is also pursued, but without inert particles as the basis of the flocs. Its permanence in the reactor is obtained through the balance between sedimentation and entrainment exerted by the flow. It requires a separator in the upper part to avoid the loss of biomass and extract the biogas; 5) Discontinuous Systems: These are systems in which the fluid remains confined throughout the process. The processes carried out in these reactors are discontinuous, since the production of biogas varies analogously to the population of microorganisms with periods of latency, seasonality and decrease. As in any discrete approach to a continuous solution, this can be achieved by iterating the discrete systems, that is, using several digesters with successive start-up times; 6) Two Stage Systems: These systems consist of a first stage with a high retention time that supplies a shorter second stage where organic matter and fatty acids resulting from the first phase are digested;
    [0025] 7) Two-Phase Systems: They consist of two reactors in series in which the processes of acidogenesis and methanogenesis are carried out individually, resulting in retention times that are lower than those of fully mixed reactors. The regulation of retention times is determined by the flow rate which, at a constant volume of the reactor, will be proportional to the inflow. Therefore, they are not suitable systems for residues with high retention times in the hydrolysis phase;
    [0026] 8) Hybrid Systems: They are those that result from the combination of several of the systems previously described.
    [0027]
    [0028] After a background search, the following state-of-the-art documents close to the present invention have been located:
    [0029]
    [0030] The Spanish patent application ES1156462, in which an anaerobic digester for single-family use is described, characterized in that it comprises a central body with a hemispherical shape where anaerobic digestion occurs, a loading chamber through which the digester is fed and an agitation system from the biogas recirculated by a circulation pipe.
    [0031]
    [0032] In turn, in the Spanish patent application ES1205187 a sequential anaerobic digester for effluent purification is described by means of at least two hermetically closed reactors. The system therefore comprises a first fixed-bed reactor with acidogenic bacteria and a second fluidized-bed reactor, and is characterized in that the first reactor has an internal volume of between 1.5 and 3 times the incoming daily flow rate of effluent and because the second reactor has a interior volume between 2.2 and 1.7 times the volume of the first reactor.
    [0033]
    [0034] Patent ES2393772 describes an equipment for biological purification of wastewater configured in a single anaerobic digester with phase separation to perform anaerobic hydrolytic and methanogenic digestion. The equipment is made up of a body with two concentric walls. Ceramic pieces are located in the internal body of the equipment where anaerobic digestion of water takes place, while a chamber with a lower compartment is located perimeter, where a methanogenic digestion takes place. The reactor in turn comprises water recirculation ducts to a new digestion receptacle, and gas outlet ducts, as well as a lower outlet for sludge.
    [0035]
    [0036] As can be inferred from the state of the art, the main parameters of interest for an anaerobic digester are:
    [0037] to. the retention time that, at a constant flow rate (inherent to the facility that generates the waste) and with a constant volume of the reactor, cannot be regulated;
    [0038] b. the conservation and distribution of microorganisms; and
    [0039] c. control over the inhibitors of each phase such as increased acidity (pH), C / N ratio, the presence of ammonium ion, etc.
    [0040]
    [0041] The problem that remains to be solved in the current state of the art is, mainly, the following:
    [0042] • the slow start-up of the reactors due to the lack of initial bacterial flora;
    [0043] • the impossibility of complying with the reactor volumes in continuous two-phase systems with real nominal flows to guarantee the required retention times;
    [0044] • the accumulation of high COD fats and the trapping of gas and flocs of microorganisms in them.
    [0045]
    [0046] The bacterial support object of the invention enables the above problems to be solved, which currently does not solve the state of the art, by optimizing its design. In this way, the claimed bacterial support allows to increase the habitat area for the same section of reactor (or digester), thus as the treatment time of the solid particles contained in the wastewater.
    [0047]
    [0048] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0049] Therefore, a first object of the invention is a new bacterial support structure suitable for at least one biological wastewater treatment digester characterized in that it comprises at least one support part of a material compatible with bacterial growth. Said support part will preferably be a solid disc-shaped part characterized in that it has a series of internal openings or conduits that pass through the solid part from its lower face to its upper face and that are distributed along the entire surface of the part. support. Both the geometry and the distribution of the ducts can be adapted to create different paths for the flow of wastewater through each support piece, from one side to the other. These trajectories may be, among other examples, helical, parabolic or straight, although they may be adapted to the particular needs of the wastewater that is subjected to the treatment process, as well as the solid particles present in them.
    [0050]
    [0051] In a particular embodiment of the invention, the geometry of the ducts will be polygonal.
    [0052]
    [0053] In another particular embodiment of the invention, said duct geometry will be non-polygonal, preferably circular.
    [0054]
    [0055] The bacterial support structure will comprise at least one support part, in the case of comprising a set of support parts forming a preferably cylindrical structure. In embodiments in which the structure comprises more than one disc, these may be distributed individually along the structure or in groups of at least two support pieces. The number of disks in each group may vary depending on the needs of the wastewater stream in the system.
    [0056]
    [0057] In a particular embodiment, the path of the wastewater stream through the bacterial support structure can be straight and parallel to the axis of the cylinder that forms the set of support parts that constitutes the support structure. In another particular embodiment, the number of conduits that pass through the support pieces and their geometry will make it possible to lengthen the path of the wastewater stream subjected to the treatment, thus increasing, for the same speed, the residence time in the digester. Also, this improvement in the internal flow of wastewater will favor the reactions that take place in the digester.
    [0058]
    [0059] The distance between the conduits through the support pieces will be adequate to guarantee the structural integrity of the support. Likewise, the size of the conduits can be adapted to the size of the solid particles present in the waste water stream that is being treated and to the stratification needs that are detected.
    [0060]
    [0061] In this way, due to the geometry and arrangement of the ducts in the bacterial support structure, it is possible to greatly increase the surface area of the bacteria's habitat, reducing the residence time required for treatment. On the other hand, the greater surface area for the bacteria habitat that the claimed bacterial support presents with respect to the area of the digester section allows to reduce, in the same proportion, the size of the equipment for the digestion of wastewater, with the consequent cost savings. This is an important advantage over other systems known in the state of the art.
    [0062]
    [0063] In particular, the support pieces will comprise on their lateral surfaces a plurality of grooves suitable for inserting in them a fixing structure that will end at at least one of its ends in a suitable means to facilitate its removal from the digester, such as a hooking element suitable for inserting any system that allows its extraction. This fixing structure will therefore allow the easy extraction and / or replacement of the support structure, making it possible to cultivate bacteria for the start-up of new digesters. In this way, the support structure object of the invention will avoid that the digesters have to start without a population of bacteria and will allow to reduce the times of putting into service, this being an important advantage over the state of the art.
    [0064] The bacterial support structure object of the invention allows the area of commercially available bacterial supports to be increased by up to 240%. As the hydrolytic reaction requires the highest retention times, and since the speed of this reaction is proportional to the bacterial density, the retention times can be reduced 2.4 times in this phase. Since the systems known in the state of the art require up to 3 days of stay in the hydrolytic phase, the design of the claimed support structure implies a significant saving in resources and costs.
    [0065]
    [0066] Likewise, the claimed support structure allows the manufacture of smaller digesters, with a reduction of up to 2.4 times the size of current designs.
    [0067]
    [0068] The object of the invention is also the use of said bacterial support structure as an initial nursery for bacteria for new digesters that are going to start up. In this way, due to its ability to be easily removed from the operating digesters, part of the support parts that make up the support structure can remain in the active digester without its productivity being reduced, while the rest of the support parts They can be inserted into at least one digester in the process of starting. Thus, the start-up digester encounters an initial colony of bacteria that would otherwise take longer to develop. Currently the digesters are sealed, making access to structures that act as bacterial supports difficult and expensive, and their interchangeability is not contemplated. Therefore, the bacterial support structure object of the present invention has a great advantage over the supports currently available in the state of the art.
    [0069]
    [0070] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0071] To promote understanding of the object of the invention, the following figures are attached to the present description:
    [0072]
    [0073] Figure 1: Plan view and detail of a support part of the claimed bacterial support structure.
    [0074]
    [0075] Figure 2: Plan view and section of a support piece, where the internal ducts that form the habitat of the bacterial support structure are observed. claimed.
    [0076]
    [0077] Figure 3: Isometric perspective view of a support piece, where one of the trajectories of the bacterial support structure object of the invention is observed.
    [0078]
    [0079] Figure 4: Plan view of three support pieces with different sizes of the ducts that cross them.
    [0080]
    [0081] Figure 5: Isometric perspective view of a support piece where the slits are observed to insert the fixation structure that will facilitate the extraction of the bacterial support structure from the digester.
    [0082]
    [0083] Figure 6: Isometric perspective view of the fastening system of the support parts of the bacterial support structure.
    [0084]
    [0085] List of references:
    [0086] 1. Fixing structure of the support parts of the bacterial support structure.
    [0087] 2. Support piece of the bacterial support structure.
    [0088]
    [0089] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0090] As described above, there is a wide variety of possible embodiments of the invention, in which the geometry, size or distribution of the ducts that pass through the support pieces of the claimed bacterial support structure can be adapted to the flow of residual water that is necessary to treat and the size and quantity of solid particles contained in them.
    [0091]
    [0092] In the accompanying figures a series of particular embodiments of the bacterial support structure object of the invention are shown.
    [0093]
    [0094] Figure 1 shows a particular embodiment of a support part of the claimed bacterial support structure in which the support part consists of a solid disc-shaped part that is crossed by a plurality of conduits with closed polygonal geometry, distributed throughout. along its surface concentrically.
    [0095] Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the disk-shaped support part shown in Figure 1. In this section, the ducts that cross the support part and its distribution are observed, which determines the path of the sewage flowing through the support piece.
    [0096]
    [0097] Figure 3 shows another particular embodiment of a support part of the bacterial support structure object of the invention in which the conduits are circular in geometry and are distributed along the support part in a linear manner. This section shows the path that the wastewater stream will follow as it passes through the support piece.
    [0098]
    [0099] Figure 4 shows different particular embodiments of the support parts of the bacterial support structure object of the invention, where the size and distribution of the ducts that pass through them vary, allowing their adaptation to the solid particles contained in the wastewater that is submitted to treatment.
    [0100]
    [0101] Figure 5 shows a particular embodiment of a disk-shaped support part comprising, distributed along its lateral surface, a series of grooves suitable for inserting in them the fixing structure that will allow easy removal from the digester. As indicated above, this is a great advantage over other state-of-the-art digesters which, being sealed, prevent the exchange of the support parts or bacterial support structures.
    [0102]
    [0103] Finally, Figure 5 shows a particular embodiment of the claimed bacterial support structure, where the distribution of the support parts (2) and their assembly by means of the fixing structure (1) are shown, which preferably will present a suitable system at its upper end to facilitate its extraction from the digester. This will allow the exchange of support parts between digesters, facilitating the start-up of new digesters without losing efficiency in those that are in operation.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. Bacterial support structure for a biological wastewater treatment digester characterized in that it comprises at least one support part internally traversed by a plurality of internal conduits that cross the support part from its lower face to its upper face and where said support part it comprises a plurality of grooves along its lateral surface suitable for inserting therein a fixing structure comprising at least one of its ends a suitable means to facilitate its removal from the digester.
    [2]
    2. Bacterial support structure according to claim 1, where the ducts have a polygonal geometry.
    [3]
    3. Bacterial support structure according to claim 1, where the ducts have a circular geometry.
    [4]
    4. Use of a bacterial support structure according to any one of the preceding claims to create a sewage stream path selected from a group consisting of a straight, parabolic, helical path.
    [5]
    5. Use of a bacterial support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for the commissioning of at least one digester by extracting a bacterial support structure from at least one operating digester and incorporating into the digester in the process of starting up at least one support part of said bacterial support structure extracted from the operating digester and comprising a colony of bacteria.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2760010B2|2020-09-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2005061594A2|2003-12-22|2005-07-07|Pfleiderer Water Systems Gmbh|Bacteria support material|
    WO2012051662A1|2010-10-21|2012-04-26|Everhard Industries Pty Ltd|An effluent treatment unit|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201831088A|ES2760010B2|2018-11-12|2018-11-12|BACTERIAL SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR A BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT|ES201831088A| ES2760010B2|2018-11-12|2018-11-12|BACTERIAL SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR A BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT|
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